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Comment: There were two openings on 2m. that day, one from 15:17z to 16:17z and another from 18:10z to 19:10z.  Initially I planned to make two separate maps but after watching the complete animation I decided to make a single map so that the whole evolution of the sporadic-E "cloud" could be observed in the gap between the two openings as it was moving towards north-west, from LZ to southern DL.  The supporters of the lighting theory for explaining the origin of ES can be happy with this opening...look at the surface analysis map below showing heavy thunderstorms over eastern Europe at 15:00z.

It shows the evolution, size and MUF of the sporadic-E cloud that caused the opening on 144 MHz. and it is an estimation based on the information I have picked up here and there of QSOs and reports of European stations. I don't claim it to be accurate but just an estimation that could help understand what happened that day.

Also please notice that sometimes you will see MUF rise very quickly.  This is because of the almost complete lack of data for frequencies between 51 and 144 MHz. and that leads to shown MUF rising almost 90 MHz in one minute.  You should understand that this is not the usual behaviour of MUF, but the result of the lack of data mentioned above.

This animated map covers from 25-May-2003 15:15z to 19:29z at one minute intervals. Use the "Stop" button of your browser to stop the animation and the "Refresh" button to run it again from te begining.

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